Although the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens type D produces disease in many
species of domestic livestock, neurological disturbance is more common and better studied
in sheep. High levels of circulating toxin, especially in lambs, cause cerebral microvascular
endothelial damage with disruption of the blood–brain barrier leading to a severe, diffuse
vasogenic oedema and an acute or peracute clinical course to death. With lower toxin
levels, or in partially immune sheep, a focal, bilaterally symmetrical encephalomalacia …