We and others have previously described signatures of tolerance in kidney transplantation
showing the differential expression of B cell–related genes and the relative expansions of B
cell subsets. However, in all of these studies, the index group—namely, the tolerant
recipients—were not receiving immunosuppression (IS) treatment, unlike the rest of the
comparator groups. We aimed to assess the confounding effect of these regimens and
develop a novel IS-independent signature of tolerance. Analyzing gene expression in three …